Semi-Permanent

Adore Sunrise Orange 38 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Color Sea Glass - Light Green Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Color is a professional-grade semi-permanent hair color designed to deliver bold, vibrant, and true-to-tone results with exceptional shine and conditioning benefits. Loved by hairstylists and creative colorists worldwide, Pulp Riot offers an extensive range of vivid, pastel, and natural-inspired shades that allow for limitless creativity and customized color transformations. Whether you're creating fashion-forward rainbow looks, soft pastel tones, or rich color enhancements, Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Hair Color provides intense pigmentation while keeping hair healthy, soft, and manageable. The easy-to-use formula can be applied directly from the tube and blends seamlessly for custom color formulations. Benefits & Features Highly pigmented formula for vibrant, eye-catching color results Long-lasting semi-permanent color that fades beautifully over time Conditioning ingredients help maintain softness and shine Vegan and cruelty-free formula Intermixable shades for endless custom color possibilities No developer required Smooth, creamy consistency for easy application Ideal for fashion colors, creative coloring, and color refreshing Helps maintain hair's healthy appearance while coloring Suitable for pre-lightened and blonde hair for maximum vibrancy What Makes It Stand Out? Pulp Riot has become a favorite among professional hairstylists because of its superior color payoff, predictable results, and stunning fade pattern. Unlike many traditional semi-permanent hair colors, Pulp Riot shades remain vibrant while gradually fading into softer, attractive tones rather than becoming dull or muddy. The brand's extensive shade selection allows colorists to create customized formulations for every client, from vivid blues and pinks to trendy silver, lavender, and pastel hues. The conditioning formula also leaves hair feeling healthier and shinier after coloring. Who Is It For? Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Hair Color is perfect for: Professional hairstylists seeking premium creative color solutions Beauty enthusiasts who love experimenting with vibrant hair colors Clients looking for temporary fashion shades without permanent commitment Individuals wanting to refresh faded hair color between salon visits Anyone seeking vegan and cruelty-free hair color options Creative color artists looking to mix and customize unique shades Specifications Product Type: Semi-Permanent Hair Color Brand: Pulp Riot Application: Direct dye (no developer required) Size: 4 fl oz/118ml Formula: Vegan and cruelty-free Hair Type: Suitable for pre-lightened, blonde, and porous hair Color Range: Vivid, pastel, neon, and natural-inspired shades Usage: Professional salon use and experienced at-home users Finish: Vibrant color with enhanced shine Longevity: Varies based on hair condition, shade selected, and maintenance routine Click Here For Pulp Riot Color Chart

Pravana Sunstone 3oz. Pravana Vivid Hair Color is easy to use- no developer required.  Simply apply to prelightened hair and flaunt your results!  Available in 15 Vivid shades, including Vivid Silver, Vivid Violet, Vivid Wild Orchid & many more!  Pravana Chromasilk Vivids is our number 1 selling hair color. With 18 highly-pigmented shades and counting, ChromaSilk VIVIDS gives hair artists everything they need to concoct, mix and create endless color palettes. Unleash your artistry. PRAVANA's AWARD-WINNING CHROMASILK VIVIDS COLLECTION IS THE CREATIVE-COLOR CATEGORY LEADER. ChromaSilk VIVIDS are professionals and celebrity colorists choice for vibrant, creative colors. Winning the Stylist Choice Award for Favorite Creative Color for the 4th year in a row, it is clear that ChromaSilk VIVIDS is best, creative color with the longest-lasting, bright hair colors. Paraben-FreeZero PhthalatesNo animal testingFree from MEA and DEAEPA and CARB compliant Net weight: 90ml / 3oz

Adore Soft Lavender 193 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore 150 Platinum Hair Dye – Vibrant, Long-Lasting Semi-Permanent Color Achieve a stunning, cool-toned metallic hue with Adore 150 Platinum Semi-Permanent Hair Color. This richly pigmented formula is ideal for anyone looking to add bold dimension or a subtle silvery glow to pre-lightened hair. Made by Creative Image Systems, this semi-permanent vegan hair dye delivers professional-quality results without ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol. Whether you're going for a striking platinum makeover or blending into a silver ombre, this semi-permanent dye gives your hair a luminous finish that turns heads without damaging your strands. Benefits & Features No Harsh Chemicals: Free from ammonia, peroxide, and alcohol – gentle on your scalp and hair. Vegan & Cruelty-Free: Ethically formulated without animal testing or byproducts. Fade-Resistant Formula: Rich pigments ensure lasting color with proper hair care. Hydrating Ingredients: Infused with natural moisturizers for a soft, silky finish. Ready-to-Use: No developer needed – just apply directly to hair. Great for Toning: Neutralizes yellow or brassy tones on light blonde or bleached hair. What Makes It Stand Out From the Competition? Unlike many other semi-permanent dyes, Adore Platinum 150 combines vivid color with nourishing ingredients, making it ideal for repeated use. Where other dyes may leave hair brittle or overly dry, Adore’s formula leaves hair looking conditioned and radiant. It’s also non-drip and easy to apply at home, saving you a trip (and money) to the salon. How Will This Solve the Reader's Problem? Want to tone down brassiness in your bleached hair? This platinum tone will help cool and brighten your look. Looking to experiment with fashion color without long-term commitment? The semi-permanent formula allows freedom to try bold shades without the risk. Sensitive to chemicals or animal-based products? Adore 150 Platinum is gentle, vegan, and free from harsh additives. Need an affordable, DIY-friendly coloring solution? This ready-to-use product delivers salon-style color at home with no developer needed. Specifications and Key Information Brand: Creative Image Shade: 150 Platinum Type: Semi-Permanent Hair Color Volume: 4 fl oz (118 ml) Formulation: Ready-to-use liquid Application: Use on pre-lightened or bleached hair for best results Longevity: Lasts 6–10 washes (varies by hair type and care routine) Ingredients: Contains no ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol Ready for a Bold, Platinum Look? Give your hair the brilliant icy tone it deserves with Adore 150 Platinum. Whether you’re refreshing your silver shade or trying platinum for the first time, this gentle, vivid dye is your go-to choice. Order now and enjoy radiant, shimmering hair without compromise. Shine bright, live bold, and skip the salon – because stunning color starts at home.

Adore Violet Gem 114 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore Copper Brown 76 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore Sky Blue 196 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore Cinnamon 58 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore Fruit Punch 191 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore Darkest Brown 110 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Color Clouded - Bright Teal Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Color is a professional-grade semi-permanent hair color designed to deliver bold, vibrant, and true-to-tone results with exceptional shine and conditioning benefits. Loved by hairstylists and creative colorists worldwide, Pulp Riot offers an extensive range of vivid, pastel, and natural-inspired shades that allow for limitless creativity and customized color transformations. Whether you're creating fashion-forward rainbow looks, soft pastel tones, or rich color enhancements, Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Hair Color provides intense pigmentation while keeping hair healthy, soft, and manageable. The easy-to-use formula can be applied directly from the tube and blends seamlessly for custom color formulations. Benefits & Features Highly pigmented formula for vibrant, eye-catching color results Long-lasting semi-permanent color that fades beautifully over time Conditioning ingredients help maintain softness and shine Vegan and cruelty-free formula Intermixable shades for endless custom color possibilities No developer required Smooth, creamy consistency for easy application Ideal for fashion colors, creative coloring, and color refreshing Helps maintain hair's healthy appearance while coloring Suitable for pre-lightened and blonde hair for maximum vibrancy What Makes It Stand Out? Pulp Riot has become a favorite among professional hairstylists because of its superior color payoff, predictable results, and stunning fade pattern. Unlike many traditional semi-permanent hair colors, Pulp Riot shades remain vibrant while gradually fading into softer, attractive tones rather than becoming dull or muddy. The brand's extensive shade selection allows colorists to create customized formulations for every client, from vivid blues and pinks to trendy silver, lavender, and pastel hues. The conditioning formula also leaves hair feeling healthier and shinier after coloring. Who Is It For? Pulp Riot Semi Permanent Hair Color is perfect for: Professional hairstylists seeking premium creative color solutions Beauty enthusiasts who love experimenting with vibrant hair colors Clients looking for temporary fashion shades without permanent commitment Individuals wanting to refresh faded hair color between salon visits Anyone seeking vegan and cruelty-free hair color options Creative color artists looking to mix and customize unique shades Specifications Product Type: Semi-Permanent Hair Color Brand: Pulp Riot Application: Direct dye (no developer required) Size: 4 fl oz/118ml Formula: Vegan and cruelty-free Hair Type: Suitable for pre-lightened, blonde, and porous hair Color Range: Vivid, pastel, neon, and natural-inspired shades Usage: Professional salon use and experienced at-home users Finish: Vibrant color with enhanced shine Longevity: Varies based on hair condition, shade selected, and maintenance routine Click Here For Pulp Riot Color Chart

Adore Burgundy Envy 79 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Adore Clover 165 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.

Goldwell @Pure Pigments Elumenated Color Additive Cool Violet @Pure Pigments marks a revolution in Goldwell hair color.High-definition direct dye additives that elevate hair color with unprecedented vibrancy and brilliance. HD3 Color Technology in @Pure Pigments is the next generation of direct dye technology from Goldwell. This breakthrough innovation creates long-lasting, multi-dimensional, high-definition color results for unique light reflections extraordinary shine from all angles.  For creative customization of hair color. The next level of color brilliance and shine. Always mix with Topchic or Colorance. Benefits: 63% more shine, on average, than regular hair color Boost the color intensity of your color formula by up to 3 times 2 times more resistance to fading Net weight: 50ml / 1.69oz

Adore Off Black 118 Adore Semi-Permanent Hair Color is a new and innovative hair color that will infuse each strand with a vibrant burst of luxurious color without the use of ammonia, peroxide, or alcohol! Adore's exclusive formula offers a perfect blend of natural ingredients providing rich color, enhancing shine, and leaving hair soft and silky. Available in 40 beautiful, vibrant colors to bring out the creative side in you.  Hair is nurtured with penetrating conditioners while vibrant colors are deposited for truly intense results. Visit us at our superstore to consult with the latest Adore semi-permanent hair color chart. Features & Benefits Semi-permanent No ammonia  No peroxide No alcohol Lasts 2-6 weeks How to use Adore semi-permanent hair color on pre-lightened hair Use protective cream around hairline. Apply hair color 1/8" from scalp, and comb through thoroughly. Cover with a plastic cap, and process with heat for up to 15 minutes. Rinse and shampoo completely. Will Adore semi-permanent hair color work on dark hair? For maximum results, it is best for pre-lightened hair. How long does Adore semi-permanent hair color last? On pre-lightened hair, 2-6 weeks. PROFESSIONAL USE ONLY The sale and use of this product is intended for licensed professionals only.  Cosmetic World will not be held responsible by anyone who buys and/or uses this product. Chemical products may cause allergic reactions, which in rare instances can be severe. Conduct sensitivity and allergic patch test 48 hours prior to each application. These products must not be used on eyelashes or eyebrows.